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What Is Maleic Anhydride? -- Maleic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula C₄H₂O₃, serving as the acid anhydride of maleic acid. It typically appears as a white crystalline solid with a distinct, pungent, acrid odor. Industrially, it is predominantly produced through the vapor-phase oxidation of n-butane or benzene. This highly reactive molecule is characterized by its electrophilic double bond and anhydride functionality, making it a versatile building block in organic synthesis. Its most significant application is as a key precursor in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), extensively used in fiberglass reinforced plastics for construction, automotive, and marine industries. Additionally, maleic anhydride is crucial for producing 1,4-butanediol (BDO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which are vital solvents and chemical intermediates. It also finds use in the production of fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid derivatives, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, underscoring its broad industrial importance.


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