Скачать или смотреть Mastering the Rules of Stability: Half-filled and Completely Filled Orbitals Explained

Unlock the secrets of stability in chemistry with our comprehensive guide to the Rules of Stability for half-filled and completely filled orbitals. Dive into the fascinating world of electron configurations and learn how these principles govern the behavior of atoms and molecules. Join us as we demystify this fundamental concept and provide clear explanations, examples, and practical applications.

Stability of Completely Filled and Half-filled Orbitals
Almost all the elements follow the same trend for writing electronic configuration. Sometimes when two sub-shells differ in the energies, an electron from the lower energy moves to higher energy.

This is because of two reasons:

Symmetrical distribution: As everyone knows that symmetry leads to stability. The orbitals in which the sub-shell is exactly half-filled or completely filled are more stable because of the symmetrical distribution of electrons.
Exchange energy: The electrons which are there in degenerate orbitals have a parallel spin and tend to exchange their position. Exchange energy is nothing but the energy released during this process. When the orbitals are half-filled or completely filled then the number of exchanges is maximum. Therefore, its stability is maximum.
The knowledge about the electronic configuration of elements has paved the way for various further developments in the field of quantum mechanics.