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People destroy or cut through mountains (often called mountain excavation or leveling) for several economic, social, and technical reasons.
Here are the main ones:

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🏗️ 1. Building Roads and Transportation Routes
• When constructing highways, tunnels, railways, or mountain passes, people must cut through or remove parts of mountains to create flat surfaces or reduce steep slopes.
• The goal is to make transportation safer, shorter, and more fuel-efficient.
👉 Example: In the North–South Expressway in Vietnam, many mountainous sections had to be blasted and leveled, or tunnels were built through them.

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🏠 2. Creating Construction Land
• Mountainous areas that plan to build residential zones, factories, or tourist sites need flat land.
• Therefore, people blast and level mountains to create space for construction.

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⛏️ 3. Mining and Resource Extraction
• Inside mountains often lie valuable minerals such as limestone, coal, iron, copper, or gold.
• Mountain excavation is necessary to extract materials for industry, cement production, or export.

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🛣️ 4. Urban and Industrial Expansion
• As the population grows and flat land becomes scarce, people expand into hilly or mountainous regions, leveling the terrain to develop urban or industrial zones.

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⚠️ 5. However, Mountain Destruction Has Consequences
• Landslides, flash floods, and soil erosion.
• Ecological imbalance affecting plants and animals.
• Impacts on local residents due to dust, noise, and changes in water flow.

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🌱 6. Modern Solutions
• Limit unnecessary mountain destruction.
• Reforest and protect soil layers.
• Prefer tunnels through mountains instead of full demolition.
• Use eco-friendly excavation technologies.