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Learn how to effectively retrieve approved `categories` and `subcategories` in Laravel while ensuring hierarchical status alignment.
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How to Filter Categories and Subcategories in Laravel Based on Status

When working with hierarchical data, such as categories and subcategories, retrieving the correct information based on specific criteria can be quite challenging. In particular, if you're only looking for categories and their respective subcategories with an approved status, it's essential to ensure that both the subcategories and their parent categories meet the required conditions. This is the situation we’ll explore in this guide, using Laravel as our framework of choice.

Understanding the Structure of the Categories Table

Before diving into the solution, let's first clarify the structure of the categories table in our database. Here is what a typical categories table can look like, especially when using Laravel's schema builder:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Key Points:

parent_id: If this is 0, the category is a parent category. If it's any other value, it's a subcategory.

status: This indicates whether the category is approved (1 means active, 0 means inactive).

The Problem Statement

Given the structure above, you want to retrieve all categories and subcategories that are approved. The retrieval must meet the following criteria:

Categories (parent_id = 0) must have status == 1.

Subcategories (parent_id != 0) must also have status == 1, and their respective parent category must have status == 1.

Unfortunately, the default Eloquent query might not suffice, as it does not enforce the condition for subcategories against their parent categories, leading to potential mismatches in data retrieval.

The Solution: Organizing Your Query

To address this problem efficiently, we can split our query into two main components and combine them using Laravel's query builder. Here’s how to do this step-by-step:

Step 1: Get All Approved Categories

To filter categories where status = 1 and parent_id = 0, we can start our query with:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 2: Get All Approved Subcategories

Next, we will fetch those subcategories that meet the necessary conditions:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Combined Query

Combining both steps, we will create a single coherent query that retrieves both categories and subcategories:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Understanding the Query Structure

This query structure operates similarly to SQL logic. The use of where and orWhere allows for intuitive readability at the code level. Here’s how you could break it down:

First condition: (parent_id = 0 AND status = 1) - Fetches parent categories.

Second condition: (parent_id != 0 AND status = 1 AND (sub query that checks parent's status)) - Fetches subcategories with valid parent status.

Important Note: Using whereHas

To ensure that subcategories are thoroughly checked against their parent categories, the whereHas method is employed. This method checks for the presence of a parent relationship where the parent category's status is also 1. Make sure the relationship method for parent categories (parent()) in your Category model is properly defined for this to work.

Conclusion

Retrieving data from hierarchical tables can ripple into complexity, but with Laravel’s expressive query builder, it becomes manageable. By structuring our queries into focused sections and leveraging relationships, we can achieve accurate and efficient data retrieval. Whether it's categories or subcategories, following this methodology ensures that only the relevant data is returned, fully aligned with your approval statuses.

Now you can confidently filter your categories and subcategories based on their statuses in Laravel! Happy coding!