Why is China suddenly conducting military encirclement drills around Taiwan? Is this just a war threat—or a deeper Geography + Geopolitics strategy playing out in the Indo-Pacific?
The Taiwan Strait is not just a narrow stretch of water. It is one of the world’s most strategic maritime chokepoints, critical for global trade routes, semiconductor supply chains, and regional security architecture. Any disruption here sends shockwaves far beyond East Asia.
A key question arises—if China wants Taiwan, why encirclement drills instead of direct invasion? The answer lies in geography. Taiwan is an island with a mountainous interior and very limited landing beaches, making a full-scale amphibious invasion extremely risky. Geography constrains military options—and China knows it.
That’s why Beijing focuses on a blockade-based strategy. Under the “Just Mission 2025” drill, China deployed its Army, Navy, Air Force, and Rocket Forces, conducting coordinated exercises across five maritime zones—north, south-west, south-east, east, and the Taiwan Strait itself. This signals a clear intent: sea control, air dominance, and port blockade simulation.
If Taiwan’s ports are blocked, its energy imports, food supply, and military logistics would face immediate stress. These drills are not meant only for Taiwan—they are also a strategic message to the USA, Japan, and Indo-Pacific allies, especially at a time when Japanese leadership is openly expressing support for Taiwan.
From a UPSC perspective, this topic goes deeper. China’s Eastern Theatre Command, specifically responsible for Taiwan operations, is a favourite factual area for prelims. Taiwan’s response—rapid response centres, force mobilisation, and defensive drills—shows preparedness, but the geopolitical balance remains fragile.
👉 UPSC Takeaway:
The Taiwan issue is not merely China vs Taiwan. It represents the intersection of Strategic Geography, Maritime Security, Power Projection, and Indo-Pacific geopolitics—a perfect example of how geography shapes global power.
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