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Tableau provides several ranking functions that allow you to assign ranks to your data based on specific criteria, such as numerical values, text, or other metrics. These functions are particularly useful for creating visualizations where you want to highlight the top or bottom performers.

Here are the most common ranking functions in Tableau:

1. RANK()
Description: Returns the rank of the current row in the partition, with gaps in ranking when there are ties.
Syntax: RANK(expression, [asc | desc])
Example: RANK(SUM([Sales])) — ranks rows based on the sum of sales.
2. RANK_DENSE()
Description: Returns the rank of the current row, but without gaps in ranking in case of ties (dense ranking).
Syntax: RANK_DENSE(expression, [asc | desc])
Example: RANK_DENSE(SUM([Profit])) — ranks rows based on profit without skipping ranks when there are ties.
3. RANK_MODIFIED()
Description: Assigns fractional ranking for tied values. If there’s a tie, the rank is the average of the tied rank positions.
Syntax: RANK_MODIFIED(expression, [asc | desc])
Example: RANK_MODIFIED(SUM([Quantity])) — in case of ties, the average rank is used.
4. RANK_UNIQUE()
Description: Each value is assigned a unique rank, even if there are ties. Ties are broken arbitrarily.
Syntax: RANK_UNIQUE(expression, [asc | desc])
Example: RANK_UNIQUE(SUM([Discount])) — even if two rows have the same value, they’ll receive unique ranks.
5. NTILE()
Description: Divides the data into a specific number of buckets (tiles) and ranks the data accordingly.
Syntax: NTILE(number)
Example: NTILE(4) — divides the data into four equal parts and assigns each row to one of those parts.
Usage Tips:
These functions work within partitions—you can specify a partition using Tableau’s “Compute Using” feature or by setting a specific dimension.
You can choose whether to rank in ascending or descending order by using the optional argument (asc or desc).
These functions are commonly used in combination with filters to show only the Top N or Bottom N values.