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The Andaman and Nicobar Islands consist of 572 islands, islets, and rocks, of which only about 37 are inhabited. The two main groups of islands are the Andaman Islands in the north and the Nicobar Islands in the south.
The islands are home to several indigenous tribal communities, including the Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarwa, and Sentinelese. These tribes have largely remained isolated from the outside world.
Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is home to the infamous Cellular Jail, also known as Kala Pani. During British colonial rule, this jail was used to imprison political prisoners, and it had a significant place in India's struggle for independence.
The islands are known for their rich biodiversity. The lush forests, coral reefs, and marine life make them a haven for nature enthusiasts. The islands are also home to several endemic and endangered species, including the Andaman wood pigeon and the Nicobar megapode.
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have some of the most extensive and pristine coral reefs in the world. Havelock Island, now known as Swaraj Dweep, is famous for its crystal-clear waters and excellent opportunities for snorkelling and scuba diving.
Some of the islands, particularly in the Nicobar group, are of volcanic origin. The Barren Island, for instance, is home to India's only active volcano.
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are strategically located at the entrance of the Malacca Strait, one of the busiest shipping routes in the world. This location holds significant importance for India's defence and maritime interests.
The islands were severely affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004. The tsunami waves caused extensive damage, particularly in the Nicobar Islands.
The islands are known for their indigenous handicrafts, including shell and bamboo crafts, which are popular among tourists. These crafts reflect the cultural heritage of the local communities.
One interesting fact about the Andaman Islands is that they are devoid of indigenous snake species. This unique absence of snakes has contributed to the island's allure.
Due to the presence of various indigenous tribal communities and settlers from mainland India, the islands are linguistically diverse, with languages like Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam being spoken alongside indigenous languages.
Tourism is a major industry in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The pristine beaches, water sports, trekking opportunities, and historical sites attract tourists from around the world.
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