Скачать или смотреть The Order of Discourse (CDA)

The term order of discourse originates from the work of Michel Foucault and is further developed in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), particularly by Norman Fairclough. It refers to the structured and organized set of discursive practices that operate within a specific social domain or institution. It encompasses the rules, conventions, and resources that govern how discourse is produced, distributed, and consumed in that context.

Key Features
Context-Specific: The order of discourse varies depending on the domain (e.g., media, education, politics).
Interrelation of Discourses: It describes how different discourses coexist, interact, and struggle for dominance within a given field.
Power and Hegemony: It reveals how power relations shape and are shaped by discourse, often privileging certain discourses over others.
Dynamic Nature: The order of discourse is not fixed; it changes over time due to shifts in societal norms, power structures, and cultural practices.
Key Concepts
Genres, Discourses, and Styles:
Fairclough identifies three main components:

Genres: Ways of acting (e.g., report writing, debating, advertising).
Discourses: Ways of representing aspects of the world (e.g., medical discourse, environmental discourse).
Styles: Ways of being or identities (e.g., professional, informal, authoritative).
These components interact within the order of discourse to create meaning and regulate communication.
Boundary and Change:

Boundary Work: Institutions or power structures establish boundaries to delineate acceptable discourse within a specific domain.
Discursive Change: Shifts in power or ideology can alter the order of discourse, introducing new genres or discourses. For instance, the rise of social media has restructured political communication.
Examples
Educational Discourse:
In a university, the order of discourse includes academic genres (e.g., research papers, lectures), pedagogical styles (e.g., interactive teaching, traditional lecturing), and specific disciplinary discourses (e.g., sociolinguistics vs. applied linguistics).

Genres: Classroom discussions, syllabi, theses.
Discourses: Critical thinking, employability-focused education.
Styles: Authoritative (professorial), collaborative (peer-to-peer).
Political Discourse:
Political campaigns combine genres (speeches, debates, social media posts) with discourses (nationalism, environmentalism) and styles (populist, elitist). The dominance of a particular discourse, such as populism, can reshape the political order of discourse.

Media Discourse:
Media institutions regulate the flow of discourses about events. For example, climate change reporting includes competing discourses such as scientific consensus and climate skepticism, mediated through news genres and journalistic styles.

Order of Discourse in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
Fairclough integrates the concept into his Three-Dimensional Framework:

Text: Analyzing the linguistic features of a specific discourse.
Discursive Practice: How texts are produced, distributed, and consumed within the order of discourse.
Social Practice: How discourse relates to and reproduces power and ideology in society.
For instance, examining a political speech reveals not only its language (text) but also its production context (discursive practice) and its contribution to sustaining or challenging societal power dynamics (social practice).
Theoretical Foundations
Michel Foucault: The term originates from Foucault’s analysis of knowledge and power, where discourse shapes and is shaped by societal structures.
Norman Fairclough: Builds on Foucault’s ideas to explore discourse as a site of ideological struggle and societal change.