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Git Tutorial: A Comprehensive Guide to Version Control

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Git, a distributed version control system. We'll cover fundamental concepts, common commands, and workflows with practical examples to help you effectively manage your code.

*I. What is Git and Why Use It?*

Git is a system for tracking changes to files (primarily code) and coordinating work on those files among multiple people. It allows you to:

*Track changes:* Record the history of your project, allowing you to revert to previous states, compare different versions, and understand how code evolved.
*Collaborate effectively:* Enable multiple developers to work on the same project simultaneously without overwriting each other's changes.
*Experiment safely:* Create branches to explore new features or fix bugs without affecting the main codebase.
*Manage code with confidence:* Reduce the risk of losing code or accidentally introducing errors.
*Rollback and recover:* Quickly undo mistakes and recover from corrupted files.
*Understand who made what changes:* Clearly see who contributed to specific parts of the project.

*II. Key Git Concepts:*

*Repository (Repo):* A directory containing all the project files, history, and metadata related to version control. There are two types:
*Local Repository:* A repository on your computer where you make changes and track your work.
*Remote Repository:* A repository hosted on a server (like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket) that serves as a central hub for collaboration and backup.
*Working Directory:* The directory on your computer where you are actively editing and modifying files. It's where you "see" and work with the project files.
*Staging Area (Index):* A temporary area where you select the changes you want to include in your next commit. It's like preparing a package for delivery.
*Commit:* A snapshot of the changes you've made in the staging area. ...

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