Скачать или смотреть ANTHROPOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED by Akshat Jain : P2 Chapter 1B Mesolithic to Iron Age

PREHISTORIC INDIA & THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION | Mesolithic to Iron Age UPSC History (Complete Coverage)
Description:
This comprehensive lecture is essential for UPSC CSE aspirants, covering all major prehistoric and protohistoric cultures of India and the world from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age.
• Examines key Mesolithic sites like Sarai Nahar Rai (dated c. 8000 BCE, making it the oldest known Indian Mesolithic site) and Langhnaj, noted for its microliths and potential interaction with the urban Harappan civilization.
• Analyzes the profound societal changes of the Neolithic period, including V.G. Childe’s concept of the "Neolithic Revolution" and the critical view that the shift was more gradual.
• Details major Neolithic sites across the subcontinent, such as Mehrgarh (a precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization dating to 7000 BCE) and Burzahom, known for its unique pit-dwellings and rich bone tool industry.
• Covers the material culture of the Neolithic, defined by ground and polished celts used for clearing forests and the invention of pottery.
• Explores the Chalcolithic (Copper-Stone Age) culture, characterized by the mixed use of copper and stone tools and distinct regional polychrome painted pottery styles.
• Highlights unique regional Chalcolithic features, including the Black and Red Ware pottery of the Ahar-Banas zone and the large Neolithic Ash Mounds (heaps of burnt cow dung) unique to South India.
• Discusses the Bronze Age, which marks the onset of urbanization and the first great civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization in India.
• Covers the features of the Iron Age (c. 1500 to 500 BCE) and its two major Indian zones:
◦ The Northern zone, associated with the highly skilled Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture in the Gangetic region.
◦ The Southern zone, defined by the Megalithic culture and its large stone burial monuments (like Menhirs and Cist Graves).
• Provides context on how these early cultures laid the socio-political foundation for the rise of the Mahajanapadas.
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