Скачать или смотреть Evaluating Progress in TAPI | Impact on Region | CSS | PMS | Strategic Studies

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INTRODUCTION
a.) How can relations among these countries be improved?
b.) What role can TAPI play to connect Central Asia and South Asia?
• 1815 km long pipeline starts from Galkynysh gas field Turkmenistan to Fazilka in India
• ADB is continuously providing coordinating facility laid the foundation of the TAPI Pipeline Company Limited in November 2014 for technical assistance.
• office was established in Dubai
• long-term project that wills take 30 years to complete with an estimated cost of US$9.9 billion.
• capacity to supply 33 billion cubic meters gas from Dualatabad which is world’s fourth largest natural gas reserve.
• has the potential to resolve the energy crisis of India and Pakistan on the one hand while, on the other hand, it provides a great opportunity to Turkmenistan to export its energy resource and generate income.

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TURKMENISTAN
• Turkmenistan offers the opportunity for lucrative energy trade with India as well as deep sea port facilities through Pakistan’s Gwadar port in order to gain access to the Arabian Sea for trade of energy sources.
• China, Russia and Iran remained key destinations for Turkmenistan’s gas export. Russia stopped purchase in 2016 while Iran also stopped buying this gas in 2017 due to payment issue. leaves China as the only importer.
• Turkmenistan provides gas supply to China through three gas pipelines via Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

PAKISTAN
• Turkmenistan can be beneficial for Pakistan as an energy grid for industry and economy.
• It could be comprised of gas pipeline, fiber optic lines, electricity transmission lines and road links besides establishing economic zones in order to connect
• Pakistan and Turkmenistan can be connected through rail links that can also provide a linkage between Iran and Kazakhstan.
• Pakistan signed a MoU with Turkmenistan to import 1000 MW electricity through Afghanistan.
• The other agreements include cooperation in financial intelligence matters, cooperation in the field of energy, while another MoU was signed in the field of education.
• gas pipeline project will help increase the trust of energy rich Turkmenistan to invest in Pakistan.
• Its total natural gas production stands at four bcfd but its consumption is six billion cubic feet per day.
• almost 40 per cent of textile industry of Pakistan was shifted to Bangladesh due to uneven gas and electricity supply.
• gas price in Bangladesh is US$3/mmbtu, Vietnam US$4.2 and in India US$4.5 whereas in Pakistan it was US $7.6 in December 2017.

INDIA
• it has almost the same energy crisis issues like Pakistan. To meet its energy needs, India has to import gas.
• India is ranked in the top three countries in the world with respect to oil imports.
• currently natural gas accounts for 6.5 per cent in the total energy consumption of India which will be more than double and reach 15 percent by 2022. India is importing 8.5 million tons of LNG from Qatar annually and 3.5 million tons from the US
• Chabahar port serves as a gateway for India to reach Central Asia.

AFGHANISTAN
• project will provide 500 kilovolts energy via Afghanistan under TAPI-500 project.
• India has developed close relationship with Afghanistan and started investing in the country.
• In the inaugural ceremony held in December 2015, the then Minister of Water and Power and Defence of Pakistan stated that Pakistan will use all its influence over the Taliban to ensure TAPI’s successful and secure completion.

CHALLENGES TO TAPI
• due to geostrategic and political preferences, such mega projects have to face many hurdles.
• For example, the regional outlook and political interest of Pakistan contradict with both Afghanistan and India
• unstable bilateral relations between India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
• region, at large, remains underdeveloped in terms of its potential for mutual collaborations and planning. trade routes, which remain unutilised and backward. potential and mineral resources open to exploitation from foreign actors and terrorists.
• Geopolitics also plays their part as South Asia has historically been under the spotlight, such as in the Cold War.

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