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changing gpio pin states: a detailed tutorial for pins 3 & 5 on raspberry pi

this tutorial will guide you through changing the states of gpio pins 3 (gpio 2) and 5 (gpio 3) on a raspberry pi, covering everything from basic understanding to code examples in python. we'll address both setting them as outputs to control leds, relays, etc., and reading their states when they are connected to external circuits providing an input signal.

*understanding gpio pins and pin numbering*

gpio stands for general purpose input/output. these pins are physical connections on the raspberry pi that you can program to either:

*output:* send a voltage signal (typically 3.3v for high, 0v for low) to control external components.
*input:* read a voltage signal from an external component (detecting if it's high or low).

*pin numbering schemes (crucially important!):*

there are two primary ways to refer to the gpio pins on a raspberry pi, and you *must* understand the difference to avoid frustration and wiring issues.

1. *bcm (broadcom soc channel) numbering:* this scheme refers to the gpio pins by their internal number on the broadcom processor. this is the recommended scheme to use in your code.
2. *board numbering:* this scheme refers to the physical pin number on the raspberry pi's header.

*why the confusion?* the physical arrangement of pins on the raspberry pi header isn't sequential according to gpio numbering. for example, physical pin 1 is 3.3v power, physical pin 2 is 5v power, physical pin 3 is gpio 2 (bcm), and physical pin 5 is gpio 3 (bcm).

*which numbering scheme should you use?* *bcm* is generally recommended because it's more consistent across different raspberry pi models. however, the choice is yours, but you must declare which scheme you are using in your code. if you choose board numbering, make sure to double-check your wiring to the correct physical pins.

*in this tutorial, we will primarily use bcm numbering.*

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#GPIO #RaspberryPi #python
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