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The debate on the creation of new provinces evokes a mixed response, pitting the emotionalists or alarmists against the rationalists.
According to the emotionalists or alarmists, the creation of new provinces is not needed because it will lead to a further break-up, God forbid, of the Pakistani state. The emotionalists are content with the centralized nature of the Pakistani state and believe that it is the Centre that should be in exclusive control of public policy. The rationalists, on the other hand, support the idea of the creation of new provinces arguing that in a multi-ethnic society, new provinces are needed to decentralise power and transfer it to non-dominant ethnic groups who are denied power and representation by the dominant ethnic groups. They also argue that the present configuration of provinces in Pakistan is based on the ‘ethnic’ criterion: the ‘Punjab for Punjabi’ speakers, ‘Sindh for Sindhi’ speakers, ‘Balochistan for Balochi’ speakers and ‘Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for Pushto’ speakers and new provinces on ethnic lines can be created further. Decentralisation or the creation of new provinces, according to the rationalists, will not lead to disintegration but strengthen it from within by dividing powers between the center and the new provinces.

On the whole, the demand for the creation of new provinces, once accepted, will have a consequential effect on other ethnic groups and linguistic communities in Pakistan who might then demand the same in the future. However, the emotionalist/alarmist camp needs to focus on the simple fact that new provinces, if and when created, cannot survive on their own and will remain enmeshed in an interdependent network of transport, communication, and irrigation with the already established provinces. For example, a new Seraiki province will be dependent on Punjab for its water and because of its landlocked geography on Sindh and Balochistan for its access to the sea. Similarly, Punjab remains landlocked which means that it will continue to depend on Sindh for its access to warm waters of the Arabian Sea. Sindh, as is the case today, remains dependent on the upper riparian province Punjab for its irrigation and fresh water supply without which its agro-based economy would be at stake.

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These factors are discussed in detail in the video.
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