Spina Bifida & Type & Treatment

Spina Bifida:
Due to the failure of the fusion of the 2 vertebral arches in the embryological stage of development of spine.
Spinous process: spina bifida occulta
Vertebral arches: spina bifida aperta [neural element]
Most common birth defect [1-2 case per 1000 case]
Causes:
Failure of neural tube to close during the 1st month of embryonic development
 Unknown {majority}
 Medication during pregnancy like anticonvulsant, diabetes
 Genetic
 Obesity
 Temp^
 Folic acid deficiency
Spina bifida occulta:
Most common/mild
Lumbosacral spine & 1st sacral vertebra
C/F:
Asymptomatic
Skin may normal
Presence of tuff hair, pigmentation, lipoma, dimple
Muscle imbalance (lower limb) (foot deformity)
X-ray (LOWER SPINE LUMBOSACRAL)
CT SCAN & MRI