How Spark Plugs Work (Animation)

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This 3D animated video shows how a spark plug works. We look at the main components of a spark plug, how the spark plug functions, explain the concept of spark plug reach and finally discuss the heat range (hot & cold) of spark plugs.

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▶️Introduction
Spark plugs are used for gasoline/petrol fired engines. The spark plug is mounted within the engine cylinder head and is used to start the initial ignition of the fuel and thus start the power stroke for the associated cylinder.

Components
The spark plug consists of a central electrode, ground electrode, porcelain insulator, hex nut, resistor and terminal.

Operation
High voltage (20-40,000 Volts) is connected to the terminal at the top of the spark plug. Electrical current flows through the central electrode and through a resistor. The central electrode is not connected to the ground electrode directly, but is separated form the electrode by a short gap; this gap is referred to as the electrode gap.

The high voltage present in the central electrode tip causes the gasses between the central electrode and ground electrode to ionise, this effectively means that the gasses become conductors and the electrons can ‘jump’ the gap between the central electrode and ground electrode. The resultant spark carries enough energy and heat to cause the fuel within the combustion space to ignite. Ignition of the fuel forms the start of the power stroke.


Image References
By Riccardo Nicola [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons
By Allumage_batterie.svg: Frédéric MICHELderivative work: PiRK (Allumage_batterie.svg) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons
By User Sonett72 on en.wikipedia (Scanned and uploaded by MH) [Copyrighted free use], via Wikimedia Commons
By A7N8X [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)], from Wikimedia Commons
By [2] ([1]) [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)], via Wikimedia Commons
By User:Emmanuel.boutet (File:Dilatation-spark plug-bougie allumage-fr.svg) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) or CC BY-SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)], via Wikimedia Commons


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