In this video, we explore four classic and influential models of personality — from ancient theories to modern developmental perspectives. You'll learn:
Hippocrates’ Four Temperaments
The earliest typology linking human behavior to bodily “humors.” Hippocrates proposed four temperament types: Sanguine (cheerful, social), Choleric (ambitious, irritable), Melancholic (analytical, reserved), and Phlegmatic (calm, passive).
Carl Jung’s Psychological Types
Jung introduced the notion of extraversion vs introversion as attitudes of energy direction, and differentiated four cognitive functions (thinking, feeling, sensation, intuition). Combining these yields different psychological types.
Sheldon’s Somatotypes & Personality
William Sheldon argued that body types (somatotypes) correspond with temperament traits:
• Endomorph — soft, round, relaxed and sociable
• Mesomorph — muscular, assertive, energetic
• Ectomorph — thin, introverted, sensitive
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Unlike typologies, Erik Erikson viewed personality as shaped by challenges at different stages through life. He proposed eight psychosocial crises from infancy to old age, each with a central question and virtue (e.g. Trust vs. Mistrust, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Integrity vs. Despair)
Throughout the video, I’ll explain how each model approaches human personality: the assumptions behind them, their strengths, and their limitations. Whether you’re a psychology student, enthusiast, or someone simply curious about what shapes personality, this video gives you a broad, comparative view.
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