Tusu parab of Kudmi community,

Tusu parab of Kudmi community, #documentary #history #anthropology
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TUSU PORAB ATRIBAL FESTIVAL OF KUDMI COMMUNITY 🌺🌼🌺🌼🌺🌼🌺
Dr. BANKIM CHANDRA MAHATO
Prof. ANADI KODOYAR MAHATO
✍✍✍🌻🌻
Tusu, a harvest festival, is one of the three major festivals of the Kudumi community in West Bengal,Jharkhand and Odisha. The other two festivals are Rahin, Karam and Bandna. These are all annual festivals and come one after another. Since time immemorial ,TUSU is fundamentally a post-harvest festival associated with particular phase of agriculture that is celebrated mainly in the JungalMahal area (Rarh area /Chotanagpur plateau) by several aboriginal tribes in general and by the Kudumis in particular. It is one of the most celebrated festival after the new paddy or Nautan Dhan is harvested. From the last day of the month of Agrahayaṇa to the last day of the month of Pausa i.e. for one month the TUSU festival is observed with special pomp and grandeur. "Tusu" is the Goddess of crops. After cutting of all the paddy stacks, the last stack that remains in the field is called Dinimai. This Dinimai is Tusu. The head of the family brings the Dinimai from the agricultural field and on that same day the young girls establish the Tusu. It marks the beginning of the celebrations of a month-long festival. Tusu has no structure/ image. An earthen bowl, containing balls made of cow-dung and husk of new paddy, balls of cow- dung, decorated with season-flower, Madang/Bandu flower, marigold (Genda), mustard and radish flower, etc. are placed. This symbols of fertility and purity represents the goddess Tusu. Only unmarried girls worship the goddess every evening by lighting lamps and singing songs in her honour . For them Tusu is super excellent with grace and elegance who may fulfil their desire. There are some ritual custom and it has its tremendous store of scintillating songs full of life and taste. The themes of the Tusu songs included the coming of Tusu, daily village life, prayers for happiness and prosperity, confiding of problems, household work of women, protests against male domination and relatives, lawsuits, property disputes, weddings, childbirth, child marriage, love affairs, women's rituals and local historical accounts of important events. Many songs are confessional in nature .Some songs deal with daily and ritual anxieties-family difficulties, lack of food, inability celebrate properly because of poverty etc.
The worship of Tusu which lasts for 30 days, requires the girls of the village to set up Tusu bowls jointly on the first day of the month of Pous, and to get together in the house of one of the votaresses and to sing at least one song every night before they retire for sleep. This process continues for 29 days. On the night of the 30th day, having kept up the whole night in singing songs, they keep the Tusu awake,called Tusu Jagaran. On the morning of the next day (the day of Makar Sankranti or Pausa Sankrant, which is the last day of the month of Pausa) before sun-rise, they carry Tusu in a Choudal(vehicle for the immersion of Tusu) with all the things required for worship for immersion in the river, pond or any water body singing songs in a procession all the way and take a holy dip in the water . After that they sit in the sun and eat to their hearts content the cakes of the festival. Tusu continues to be a source of happiness, celebration and festivity for the KUDUMIs. The Asokan Rock edicts of Dhauli and Jaugad inscriptions point to the fact that agrarian winter festivals existed in contemporary times which corresponded with the modern day festival of Tusu in this area. The TUSU ,the primordial agricultural Goddess is neither recognised by the Vedic Hindus nor has SHE yet obtained Hindu worshippers.Makar Sankranti is the last day of Kudumi-calender. After Makar New Year starts , it is named Akhain .On this auspicious day of Akhain , Halpunha(first ploughing ritual) is celebrated.
Reference:-🌺🌺

Govt document
1.Bihar and Orissa research society 1939
2.Mayurbhanj state gazette
3.bengal district gazette govt wb 1961
4.indra Gandhi tribal University dept of Anthropology.Manbhum Gazetteers 1911
Govt of West Bengal✍✍✍✍🌻🌻🌻
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