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Scoliosis has three main types. The first is idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most common. This type occurs for unknown reasons. The second is congenital scoliosis, which occurs at birth due to a malformed or asymmetrical vertebra that develops in utero. The third type is neuromuscular scoliosis, which arises as a result of a neuromuscular syndrome or disorder, often linked to the underlying condition.
One such neuromuscular syndrome is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), a group of genetic disorders that weaken the body's connective tissues like collagen. This can lead to increased flexibility or laxity in ligaments, muscles, and tendons. These tissues, when overly lax, can no longer support the spinal structure as they should, potentially leading to scoliosis.
The connection between EDS and scoliosis varies depending on the severity of EDS, which itself can differ widely between individuals. Other similar syndromes that impact connective tissues—such as cerebral palsy and Marfan syndrome—can also lead to scoliosis, though the degree of spinal curvature can vary.
In patients with EDS, scoliosis must be considered as a possible complication. One tool for evaluating the severity of EDS is the Brighton score, which measures joint hypermobility on a scale from 0 to 9. A score between 0 and 4 is normal; scores of 5 or higher indicate hyperflexibility. A high Brighton score may suggest more complex scoliosis cases.
There is a theory that some patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis may actually have undiagnosed hyperflexibility or a mild form of EDS. Just like autism, EDS can have a wide spectrum of presentation—from severe to nearly unnoticeable. Regardless of how it presents, any condition that affects joint stability must be considered, including kyphosis, early-onset arthritis, or frequent joint dislocations. In extreme cases, something as simple as stepping off a stair can lead to joint injury.
There is currently no cure for EDS, so treatment focuses on symptom management. This includes reducing pain and improving activities of daily life. Physical therapy, joint alignment, and sometimes supplementation for skin and tendon health can help improve strength and prevent injury. Bracing can also provide spinal stability and prevent scoliosis progression.
In severe cases, surgical intervention such as spinal fusion may be considered, although this carries more risk. Since scoliosis in EDS is a secondary condition, treatment often mirrors that of idiopathic scoliosis but with some modifications based on the patient’s flexibility and severity. Because fewer than 10% of all scoliosis cases are neuromuscular in nature, these are considered atypical scoliosis cases.
Ultimately, the goal of treatment is to improve spinal function, reduce symptoms, and enhance quality of life.
00:00 What is scoliosis and its types
01:01 What is Ehlers Danlos syndrome
01:27 Link between Ehlers-Danlos and scoliosis
02:06 Measuring severity
02:35 Wide range of Ehlers Danlos presentations
03:09 Joint instability and related risks
03:46 How Ehlers-Danlos is treated
04:37 How scoliosis and Ehlers Danlos interact
05:25 Why stability is key in treatment
Click the link for a scoliosis consultation:
https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter....
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