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Learn how to enforce email confirmation in your Blazor Server app using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity to secure access based on user roles.
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Enforcing Email Confirmation in Blazor with Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity

In today's digital landscape, ensuring secure user authentication is paramount, especially when developing applications that are reliant on user roles and permissions. In this guide, we will address a common issue faced by developers working with Blazor Server apps and Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity: enforcing email confirmation before granting access to role-based functionalities.

The Challenge

You have developed a Blazor Server App using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity, where users authenticate using IdentityServer and can access different pages based on their roles. You have set up role checks at the beginning of pages and in code blocks within your application. However, the problem arises when a user with an unverified email is still able to access pages that require specific roles. This raises the question: How can you ensure that users must confirm their email before they can access functionalities that are restricted by roles?

Understanding Email Confirmation

Email confirmation serves as a security measure to verify a user's identity. When a user registers, they receive a confirmation email that they must respond to before fully accessing the application. This helps to prevent unauthorized access and ensures that the user’s email address is valid.

In your current setup, even if a user’s EmailConfirmed status is set to false, they can bypass role restrictions, leading to potential security risks. So, how can we enforce the requirement for email confirmation effectively?

The Solution

To enforce email confirmation in your Blazor application, you will need to implement a few adjustments to your logic. Below are the steps to achieve this:

Step 1: Modify Startup.cs

You have already set up your Startup.cs class to configure services and authentication. The crucial piece here is the logic to check whether the user's email is confirmed. While you are implementing role checks, you'll also want to integrate a verification for EmailConfirmed status.

Step 2: Custom Authorization Logic

You can create a custom authorization requirement that checks if the user's email is confirmed before allowing access to certain parts of your application. Here is a basic outline of how you can achieve this:

Create a custom authorization attribute:
You can create a new class that inherits from IAuthorizationRequirement that checks the email confirmation status.

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Create an Authorization Handler:
Implement an authorization handler that checks if the user's email is confirmed.

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Register the Authorization Handler:
In the ConfigureServices method of Startup.cs, register your new authorization handler.

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Step 3: Implement Required Role Checks

When setting up your roles, utilize the email confirmation check alongside your existing role checks. Use the policy created to restrict access accordingly.

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Conclusion

By implementing a custom authorization policy that checks for email confirmation, you can enhance the security of your Blazor application significantly. This measure ensures that only users with a confirmed email can access functionalities that rely on role-based permissions. Remember, security is an ongoing process, and you should regularly evaluate and improve user authentication practices.

If you have any questions or additional insights on this topic, feel free to leave them in the comments below. Happy coding!