Thermodynamics: Internal Energy and Degree of freedom (Animation)

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Thermodynamics: Internal Energy and Degree of freedom (Animation)

Chapter:
0:00 Intro
0:12 Internal energy
1:20 Microscopic internal energy forms
3:52 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas
4:25 What is degree of freedom?

5:05 Degree of freedom for monatomic gas molecule
6:35 Degree of freedom for diatomic gas molecule
8:10 Change the internal energy of a system
8:24 Characteristics of Internal Energy

Internal energy:

The sum of all the microscopic forms of energy is called the internal energy of a system.

The internal energy of a system is denoted by the symbol U or E

and S.I unit is joule (J).
The term internal energy and its symbol U first appeared in the works of Rudolph Clausius and William Rankine in the second half of the 19th century.

Microscopic internal energy forms:

-Sensible energy
-Latent energy
-Chemical energy
-Nuclear energy

Internal energy is an extensive property.

Degree of freedom:
The term degree of freedom of the system, tells us about the number of free or independent motions of the system.
It is denoted by f.