Electric Dipole and Dipole Moment | video explained in HINDI

In this Physics video lecture in Hindi for class 12 we explained the concept of electric dipole and what electric dipole moment is. An arrangement of two equal and opposite charges separated by a finite distance is called an electric dipole.Electric dipole moment of an electric dipole is define as the product of either of its charges and the length of the dipole. It is a vector quantity and is represented by p . Its direction is from the negative charge to the positive charge. In S.I., its unit is C.m or Coulomb meter.

Other important information on this chapter :

Electric charge : the property of a proton or an electron, which gives rise to electrostatic force between them, is called electric charge .
It is a scalar quantity.
In S.I., its unit is coulomb (C).
A proton possesses +e charge, whereas, an electron possesses –e charge, where, e =1.6 × 10^(-19) C.

Additive nature of charge : - The total charge on an object is equal to the algebraic sum of all the electric charges distributed in that object.
If q1, q2, ……….. qn are the charges distributed in an object, then the total charge on that object,
q = q1+ q2+ …….+ qn

Quantization of charge : - The fact that all observable charges are always some integral multiple of elementary charge e, is known as quantization of charge.
Hence, any observable charge,
q = ± n e

Law of conservation of charge :- Law of conservation of charge states that for an isolated system, the net charge always remains constant.
In other words, charge can neither be created nor be destroyed.

The principle of superposition : - This principle states that when a number of charges are interacting, the electrostatic force between two charges is not affected by the existence of the other charges and the total electrostatic force on a charge is the vector sum of all the forces due to other charges.


Relative permittivity of a medium : - It is defined as the ratio of the electrostatic force between two charges placed in vacuum or air to the electrostatic force between them placed at the same distance in that medium.

εr = F/F_m
Where, F is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charges placed in vacuum and F_m is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them in a medium.

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