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Nowruz 2025: The Persian New Year Celebration and Its Traditions**

Nowruz, also known as the Persian New Year, is one of the most beautiful and culturally rich festivals in the world. Celebrated by millions across Iran, Central Asia, the Middle East, and even parts of Europe, Nowruz marks the arrival of spring and a fresh new beginning. The festival, deeply rooted in Zoroastrian traditions, has been celebrated for over 3,000 years and continues to bring families and communities together with joy, love, and positivity.

If you’re curious about what makes Nowruz so special, let’s explore its history, traditions, and how people celebrate it today!

*What is Nowruz?*

Nowruz (pronounced "no-rooz") means "New Day" in Persian and is celebrated on or around March 20th-21st each year, coinciding with the vernal equinox. This is when the length of the day and night are equal, symbolising balance, renewal, and hope for the future.

Unlike the Western New Year, which is based on the Gregorian calendar, Nowruz follows the Solar Hijri calendar, making it a significant cultural and seasonal event. It is recognised as an official holiday in Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and several other countries.

*The History and Significance of Nowruz*

The origins of Nowruz go back more than 3,000 years to the ancient Zoroastrian religion, one of the world’s oldest belief systems. Zoroastrians saw Nowruz as a time to celebrate nature’s rebirth, light overcoming darkness, and good defeating evil. It was a festival of joy and renewal, marking the start of a prosperous new year.

Even after the spread of Islam and other religions in the region, Nowruz remained a significant cultural celebration. Today, it is a national holiday in several countries and a UNESCO-recognised intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

*How is Nowruz Celebrated?*

Nowruz celebrations last for about two weeks and include a variety of customs and rituals. Here are some of the most important traditions associated with this festival:

1. Spring Cleaning (Khaneh Tekani)**

Before Nowruz begins, families deep clean their homes in a tradition called *Khaneh Tekani*, meaning "shaking the house." This practice symbolises getting rid of negativity and making space for fresh beginnings. People also buy new clothes and decorate their homes to welcome the new year with a fresh start.

*2. Setting the Haft-Seen Table*

One of the most iconic Nowruz traditions is the Haft-Seen table. Families set up a decorative table with seven symbolic items, all starting with the Persian letter "S" (seen). These include:

*Sabzeh* (sprouts or wheatgrass) – Represents rebirth and growth.
*Samanu* (sweet pudding) – Symbolises strength and wealth.
*Senjed* (dried oleaster fruit) – Stands for love and wisdom.
*Seer* (garlic) – Represents health and protection.
*Seeb* (apple) – Symbolises beauty and good health.
*Somāq* (sumac) – Represents the sunrise and victory of good over evil.
*Serkeh* (vinegar) – Symbolises patience and wisdom.

Additional decorative items like candles, mirrors, painted eggs, and a goldfish are also placed on the table to bring good luck and prosperity.

3. Chaharshanbe Suri – The Fire Festival**

On the last Wednesday before Nowruz, people celebrate *Chaharshanbe Suri*, the Festival of Fire. Bonfires are lit, and people jump over them while chanting phrases that translate to:

"Give me your warmth and take away my weakness!"

This fire-jumping ritual symbolises purification, getting rid of past troubles, and stepping into the new year with positive energy.

*4. Visiting Family and Friends (Did-o-Bazdid)*

Nowruz is a time for reconnecting with loved ones. People visit family, friends, and neighbours, exchanging gifts and sweets. The elders often give money or Eidi to children as a symbol of good fortune.

*5. Special Nowruz Foods*

Food plays a major role in Nowruz celebrations. Some popular Nowruz dishes include:

*Sabzi Polo ba Mahi* – A delicious dish of herbed rice served with fish, symbolising abundance.
*Kuku Sabzi* – A Persian herb frittata, representing health and vitality.
*Reshteh Polo* – Rice cooked with noodles, signifying the unraveling of life's knots and challenges.

Sweets like Baklava*, *Noghl (sugar-coated almonds), and Nan-e Nokhodchi (chickpea cookies) are also enjoyed during the celebrations.

*6. Sizdah Bedar – The Outdoor Picnic*

The final day of Nowruz, celebrated on the 13th day, is called *Sizdah Bedar*, which means "getting rid of the thirteenth." Families spend the day outdoors in parks or nature, having picnics, playing games, and celebrating together. It is believed that staying indoors on this day brings bad luck, so everyone enjoys fresh air and lets go of any negative energy.
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