Скачать или смотреть Human Gait Pattern: Dr Amman Ullah Nazir Manual Spine Therapist

walking may be summarised by the following sequence:[1]

Registration and activation of the gait command within the central nervous system.
Transmission of gait signals to the peripheral nervous system.
Contraction of muscles.
Generation of forces across joints
Regulation of joint forces and moments by skeletal segments.
Generation of ground reaction forces (GRF).

Normal gait consists of two phases: stance phase; swing phase. These phases are further divided into a total of 8 sub-phases.[2] The gait cycle involves a combination of open- and closed-chain activities.[3]

Stance Phase

The stance phase occupies 60% of the total gait cycle, during which some part of the foot is in contact with the ground. It is further divided into five sub-phases:

Initial contact (heel strike)
Loading response (foot flat)
Mid-stance
Terminal stance (heel off)
Pre-swing (toe off)

Swing Phase

The swing phase occupies 40% of the total gait cycle [4], during which the foot is not in contact with the ground and the bodyweight is borne by the other leg and foot. It is further divided into three sub-phases:

Initial swing
Mid-swing
Late swing[5]
In a complete two-step cycle both feet are in contact with the ground at the same time for 20% of the total gait cycle, 10%at the beginning of the stance phase and 10% at the end of the stance phase.[2] These are termed 'double-support periods'. The rest of the time is spent in single support, when only one foot is in contact with the ground.



The 90-second video below gives the basics of this cycle: