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White blood cells (WBCs) are a part of the immune system that helps fight infection and defend the body against other foreign materials. Different types of white blood cells are involved in recognizing intruders, killing harmful bacteria, and creating antibodies to protect your body against future exposure to some bacteria and viruses.
Types

There are several different types of white blood cells including:

Neutrophils - Roughly half of white blood cells are neutrophils. Neutrophils are usually the first cells of the immune system to respond in response to an invader such as a bacteria or a virus. As first responders, they also send out signals alerting other cells in the immune system to respond to the scene. You may be familiar with the appearance of neutrophils as they are the primary cells present in pus. Once released from the bone marrow these cells live for only around eight hours, but around 100 billion of these cells are produced by your body every day.
Eosinophils - Eosinophils also play an important role in fighting off bacteria and are very important in responding to infections with parasites (such as worms). They are perhaps best known, however, for their role in allergy symptoms, when they essentially go overboard in mounting an immune response against something (like pollen) which it mistakenly believes is an invader. These cells account for only around 1 percent of the white blood cells in your bloodstream but are present in high concentrations in the digestive tract.

Basophils - Basophils, also accounting for only around 1 percent of white blood cells, are important in mounting a non-specific immune response to pathogens. These cells are perhaps best known for their role in asthma. When stimulated these cells release histamine among other chemicals. The products can result in the inflammation and bronchoconstriction in the airways.
Lymphocytes (B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes) - Lymphocytes are also very important in the immune system, with T cells being responsible for directly killing many foreign invaders. B lymphocytes (B cells), in contrast to the other types of white blood cells, are responsible for humoral immunity (in contrast to the non-specific immunity of other white blood cells.) They produce the antibodies that "remember" an infection and stand ready in case your body should be exposed. B lymphocytes play the main role in the efficacy of the majority of the current vaccines but in some cases (i.e. tuberculosis and pertussis vaccines), T lymphocytes are also very important.

Monocytes - Monocytes are the garbage trucks of the immune system. Around 5 percent of white blood cells in your bloodstream are monocytes, but their most important function is to migrate into tissues and clean up dead cells (among other functions.)

Formation

White blood cells begin in the bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis. All blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, descend from a common hematopoietic stem cell, or "pluripotent" stem cell. These stem cells evolve (differentiate) in different stages.

The HSC cell first separates into the lymphoid cell line, via a lymphoid stem or progenitor cell and into the myeloid cell line, via myeloid stem or progenitor cell. The lymphoid stem or progenitor cell gives rise to lymphocytes specifically B lymphocytes or "B cells" and T lymphocytes (T cells). The myeloid stem or progenitor cells give rise to myeloblasts, which further differentiate into macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils and into the precursors of red cells and platelets.