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ELEMENTS OF DANCE

Elements of Dance are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that helps everyone develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic practice.

1. Body
is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the dancer, seen by others. The body is sometimes relatively still and sometimes changing as the dancer moves in place or travels through the dance area. Dancers may emphasize specific parts of their body in a dance phrase or use their whole body all at once. When we look at a dancer’s whole body we might consider the overall shape design; Is it symmetrical? Twisted? What part of the body initiates movements?The body is the conduit between the inner realm of intentions, ideas, emotions and identify the outer realm of expression and communication.

2. Action
this refers to the basic movement of any dance done with your body. It is the medium used by the performers to express emotions, thus sending the meaning of dance.
is any human movement included in the art of dancing-it can include dance steps, facial movements/expression, partner lifts, gestures, and even every movements such as walking. Dance is made up of streams of movements and pauses, so action refers not only to steps and sequences, but also to pause and moments of relative stillness. Movement can also be improvised, meaning that the dancers make it up “on the spot” as they spontaneously dance. Movement that travels through space is broadly called locomotor movement and in contrast it’s
non-locomotor movement, which occurs in one spot.

3. Space
dancers interact with space in myriad ways. They may stay in one place or they may alter the direction, level, size, and pathways of their movements.The relationship of the dancers to each other may be based on geometric designs or rapidly change as they move close together, then apart. Even when a dancer is alone in a solo, dancer is dynamically involved in the space of the performing area so that space might almost be considered a partner in dance.

4. Time
the keyword for the element of Time is “WHEN”. Human movement is naturally rhythmic in the broad sense that we alternate activity and rest. Rhythmic patterns may be metered or free rhythm. Western music uses repeating patterns (2/4 or ¾ ), but concepts of time and meter are used very differently throughout the world. Dance movements may also show different timing relationship such as simultaneous or sequential timing, brief to long duration, fast to slow speed, or accents in predictable or unpredictable intervals.

Time may also be organized in other ways:

4.1. Sensed Time: dancers pick up on each other’s timing such as gradually increasing from a walking tempo to a running tempo by cueing off each other rather than a music score.
4.2. Event Sequence: an internal or external event signals a change such as repeating a travelling phrase over and over until everyone arrives at a corner of a stage.
4.3. Clock Time: the dance is based on units of seconds, minutes, and/or hours.
Dancers may take sight cues from each other to start the next phrase/steps or listen for music cues.

5. Energy
is about “HOW” the movement happens. Choices about energy include variations in movement flow and the use of force, tension, and weight. An arm gesture might be free flowing or easily stopped, and it may be the powerful or gentle, tight or loose, heavy or light. A dancer may step into an arabesque position with a sharp, percussive attack or with light, flowing ease. Energy may change in an instant, and several types of energy may be concurrently in play.

All dances use the element of energy, though in some instances it may be slow, supple, indirect energy – not the punchy, high speed energy of a fast tempo dance.

Other Elements Related to Dance:

Rhythm – it is the beat of the music followed by the performance of movements that have the elements of tempo, meter, and dynamics.

Range – this refers to the extent of specific movements of the dance is relative to and space. The wider the space, the bigger the movements should be.

Focus – it is a particular attention or point of concentration in dance. Dancers should be reminded of the value of focus because since dance is a non-verbal communication, the performers should be able to convey ideas and meanings that should be expressed well so that people will understand and appreciate more the actions they are trying to convey.

Level – this refers to a specific height that is involved in a movement. Dancers need to define their movements in such a way that audience will be able to identify the executions.

Direction – these are forward, backward, clockwise, counter clockwise, sideward, and diagonal sideward, or upward course or path that will merit the movement to travel in a wider space of a dance floor.

Floor Pattern – these are floor designs created by the dancer’s body; vertical, horizontal for lines, curves and geometrical and non-geometrical.