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Learn how to secure your Firestore database by checking if logged-in users have verified their email addresses. This guide walks you through the process of implementing effective security rules.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/60996671/ asked by the user 'MauriceNino' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/9150652/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/67883402/ provided by the user 'MauriceNino' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/9150652/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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Ensuring User Email Verification with Firestore Security Rules

Securing your Firestore database is crucial, especially when you're managing sensitive information that should only be accessible to authenticated users. One common requirement is ensuring that users have verified their email addresses before accessing certain resources. In this guide, we will walk you through how to verify users email in Firestore and address a common issue encountered when doing so.

The Problem

You have a Firestore collection that should only be accessible to users who are not only logged in but also have verified their email addresses. You set up strong security rules, and when you test with the Firestore rules emulator, everything works perfectly. However, once you move to the frontend application, issues arise wherein some users receive a Missing or insufficient permissions error. This discrepancy can be quite frustrating!

Understanding Firestore Rules

Before we dive into the solution, let’s recap how you have structured your Firestore rules. You are utilizing the following rules for user access:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Key Components

emailVerified(): A function that checks if the logged-in user has verified their email or if they signed in via a method other than email and password.

allow get: Grants access only if the user is authenticated and has a verified email.

Testing the Rules

While your rules work as intended in the emulator, they fail when called from the front end, especially for users who registered via email and password (where email verification is necessary).

The Solution

As pointed out by a community member, a common issue arises from the necessity of refreshing the user's token. The user ID token should be updated to reflect any changes, such as email verification status.

Step-by-Step Implementation

Here’s how to correct the issue by refreshing the ID token of your current user:

Implement Token Refresh: Modify your isEmailVerified function to include a line that refreshes the ID token.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Explanation of Changes

firebase.auth().currentUser.reload(): This refreshes the user's profile data from the server, which is essential anytime there have been changes.

firebase.auth().currentUser.getIdToken(true): This refreshes the user's ID token to ensure it reflects the most current authentication state, including the email verification status.

Conclusion

By implementing the above solution, you will effectively secure your Firestore collections by ensuring that only users with verified email addresses can access specified resources. This small yet crucial change in handling token verification can vastly improve your application's reliability and security.

If you face similar issues in the future, always consider refreshing the user's ID token to ensure you are using the most valid authentication details. Happy coding!