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Science and Technology, Environmental Science

CITY DRINKING WATER
SUPPLY
Sources of Contamination and Prevention
Introduction
Access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental requirement for public health. Urban water
Supply systems face numerous challenges in delivering potable water to residents due to potential
sources of contamination. This document outlines common contaminants, their sources, and effective
prevention strategies.
Sources of Contamination
1. Industrial Discharge:
Chemicals
Heavy Metals
Solvents
Contamination of urban drinking water sources can stem
from various sources. Industrial discharge releases
harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and solvents into nearby
water bodies, posing significant health risks.
2. Agricultural Runoff:
Pesticides
Herbicides
Fertilizers
Agricultural runoff introduces pesticides, herbicides, and
fertilizers, which can contaminate surface and groundwater
sources.
3. Sewage Overflow:
Pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
Sewage overflow, often resulting from outdated or
inadequate infrastructure, releases pathogens, bacteria,
and viruses into the water supply.
4. Leaking Infrastructure:
Old Pipes
Cracks and Joints
Corrosion
Finally, leaking infrastructure, such as old pipes with
cracks and corrosion, can allow contaminants to enter the
distribution system.
Prevention Strategies
1. Source Water Protection:
Land Use Management
Buffer Zones
Effective prevention strategies are crucial to ensure safe
drinking water. Source water protection involves
implementing land use management practices and
establishing buffer zones around water sources to minimize
contamination risks.
2. Water Treatment Technologies:
Filtration
Disinfection (Chlorination, UV)
Advanced Oxidation
Water treatment technologies, such as filtration,
disinfection (chlorination, UV), and advanced oxidation
processes, remove or inactivate contaminants.
3. Infrastructure Improvements:
Pipe Replacement
Leak Detection
Infrastructure improvements, including pipe replacement
and leak detection programs, can reduce the risk of
contamination from aging distribution systems.
4. Monitoring and Testing:
Regular Sampling
Online Sensors
Finally, regular monitoring and testing using online
Sensors help detect and respond to contamination events
promptly.
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