Скачать или смотреть Jabal Al Qilal or Fraxinetum: The Muslim Emirate in Europe

Just 20 Muslims from Al-Andalus established the Muslim emirate of Jabal al-Qilaal, or Fraxinetum, in Southern France, Southern Switzerland, and Northern Italy. They ruled for nearly a century and struck fear in the hearts of some of Europe's greatest Kingdoms. This is their story.

Most of the information about this Muslim emirate available to us today come from European, Latin sources as Much of the Andalusian Muslim sources are lost.

We used a lot of sources for this video. Here are some key references (Due to limited space in description):

Key Arabic Sources:

Al-Masaalik wal Mamaalik of al Istakhri (pg. 51, Al-Ha'ia al-'Aamah li Qusoor ath-Thaqafa print, Cairo, Egypt)
Hudood al-'Aalam min al Mashriq ila Al-Maghrib by an unknown author, pg. 39, Dar ath-Thaqafah print, Cairo, Egypt:
Soorat al Ardh of Ibn Hawqal, 1/204, Dar Sadir print, Beirut, Lebanon
Al-Muqtabas of Ibn Hayyan al-Andalusi,
Mu'jam al-Buldan of Yaqut al-Hamawi
Tarikh Ghazawat al-'Arab of Shakeeb Arsalaan, Dar Maktaba al Hayat

Western & Academic Sources:

Liudprand of Cremona, Antapodosis,
Squatriti, P. (2012). The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona (Medieval Texts in Translation). The Catholic University of America Press.
Reinaud, J. T. (1836). Invasions des Sarrazins en France et de France en Savoie, en Piémont et dans la Suisse: pendant les 8e, 9e et 10e siècles de notre ère, d'après les auteurs chrétiens et mahométans. Dondey-Dupré.
Ballan, M. (2010). Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence. Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 41(1), 23-76.
El-Hajji, A. A. (1991). Andalusian diplomatic relations with the Franks during the Umayyad Period. Islamic Studies, 30(1/2), 241-262.
Versteegh, K. (1990). The Arab presence in France and Switzerland in the 10th century. Arabica, 37(Fasc. 3), 359-388.
Bruce, S. G. (2007). An abbot between two cultures: Maiolus of Cluny considers the Muslims of La Garde‐Freinet. Early Medieval Europe, 15(4), 426-440.
Rennie, K. R. (2016). The Saracen Legend of Tenth-Century Provence. The Mediaeval Journal, 6(2), 1-24.
Wenner, M. (1980). The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 12(1), 59-79. doi:10.1017/S0020743800027136
Constable, O. R. (2009). Muslims in Medieval Europe. A Companion to the Medieval World, 313-332.

Shout-Outs:

Some background audio provided by Michael Ghelfi Studios (Patreon:   / michaelghelfi  )