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Iran’s second navy, under the IRGC, has developed the world’s first very small air-defense boat amid rising concerns about Tehran’s burgeoning military power that is seen as a threat by countries in the Persian Gulf and Israel.
The development of a small defense boat is unique in its own right.
This is the first-of-its-kind vessel Iran has likely produced for domestic use by the Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy, according to a report by Naval Analyst and OSINT expert HI Sutton.
The vessel is reportedly named the ‘Zulfiqar-class,’ which is confusing as a host of other equipment in the Iranian military go by that name. Sutton believes that this small air defense boat has short-range surface-to-air missiles (likely the Nawab) as its primary armament.
Last year, the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Navy received three indigenously-developed vessels equipped with sophisticated air defense systems.
At the time, Commander of the IRGC Navy, Rear Admiral Ali Reza Tangsir, claimed that the nation’s new speed boats use cutting-edge technology produced by domestic firms to dodge hostile radar.
Unlike other vessels equipped with cutting-edge missile defense systems to identify hostile targets, the Iranian Zulfiqar air-defense boat is more like “a sea-mobile air defense system like the Tor air defense system,” according to Sutton. Further, military observers have noted that the boat has a multi-functional AESA radar.
According to reports, the vertical launch system (VLS) is behind the cabin, and a sizable radome is over it. Whether this boat will be extensively used remains unknown because only one has reportedly been constructed.
Although some small boats usually carry MANPADS, this is the first small boat with a complete surface-to-air missile system.
It is pertinent to note that smaller boats are particularly susceptible to air assault. However, this is one of the many domestically-produced innovative military equipment that has drawn global attention.
This boat might be able to defend against short-range air attacks from a swarm of other vessels. This would become significant given that the global navies, including the United States, are also advancing work on unmanned surface vessels.
Meanwhile, The IRGC describes these vessels as having a very good hydrodynamic capability, high speed, suitable maneuverability, and a very low radar cross-section, while high offensive power has a significant impact on improving the IRGC navy’s combat capability in the Persian Gulf region and the Strait of Hormuz.
Iran’s Gulf defense plan is multi-layered, requiring the simultaneous use of air, ground, and naval weapons to saturate the enemy’s defense systems. This tactic aims to deter opponents by posing a significant threat to them, and it makes it impossible to penetrate the Gulf without incurring a significant loss of combatants. As a result, the Iranians have acquired a huge armament of asymmetric naval equipment, including naval mines, midget submarines, hundreds of armed speed boats, anti-ship cruise missiles on land and sea, UCAVs, and so on.
Swarm attacks utilizing manned/unmanned speed boats can act as a backbone for deterring opposing surface assets, and Iran frequently displays its capabilities in this area with speedboat parades.
Analysts and naval enthusiasts may find it amusing to compare a speed boat to a destroyer. However, evaluating the capabilities of assets on paper can lead us astray when doing a real-world examination. Because naval warfare is not a cage fight, it is more appropriate to compare force compositions and make assessments based on compatibility with the geographical location, performance of weapons and sensors in the area, and, of course, naval tactics that can be adapted in littoral seas.
Swarm attacks are high-risk, coordinated assaults that sometimes target numerous targets. They are extremely difficult to defend for a variety of reasons, one of which is simply numbers and redundancy; if there are so many spread-out, yet fast-approaching small boats, deck-mounted ship guns or overhead assets such as drones or helicopters may struggle to destroy enough approaching targets at once. Because of sensor and weapon saturation, radar tracking issues, limited time for kill evaluation, and automatic sensor weapon allocation issues, it is nearly impossible to counter all of the targets.
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