AZITHROMYCIN, ANTIBIOTIC MEDICINE, BASIC USE OF MEDICINE, MECHANISM, SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

AZITHROMYCIN, ANTIBIOTIC MEDICINE, BASIC USE OF MEDICINE, MECHANISM, SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

AZITHROMYCIN
Azithromycin is an macrolide class of antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
This includes
middle ear infections,
strep throat,
Sore throat,
pneumonia,
traveler's diarrhea
intestinal infections

WHAT ARE MACROLIDES?
They are antibiotics having a macrocyclic lactone ring with attached sugars.
THE COMMONLY USED MACROLIDES ARE:
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Roxithromycin

MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS
Erythromycin is the first member discovered in the 1950s
Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin are the later additions.
These are antibiotics having a macrocyclic lactone ring with attached sugars

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF AZITHROMYCIN
The Azithromycin inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on ribosomal translocation
The drugs bind to the same 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome as chloramphenicol and clindamycin

ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM OF AZITHROMYCIN
It is a narrow spectrum antibiotic
Spectrum is similar to Penicillin G. Mostly gram positive and few gram negative bacteria.
Streptococcus pyogenes , Str. Pneumonia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Clostridium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Listeria

In addition, Campylobacter, Legionella, Branhamella catarrhalis, G. vaginalis and Mycoplasma (which are not affected by penicillin are also highly susceptible to erythromycin)
Moderately sensitive to H. influenza, B. pertussis, C. trachomatis, N. meningitidis and Rickettsiae
Ineffective against Enterobacteriaceae, other gram negative bacilli.

AZITHROMYCIN SIDE EFFECTS
1. Gastrointestinal –epigastric pain, diarrhea
2. Reversible hearing loss
3. Hypersensitivity –fever, rash

AZITHROMYCIN INTERACTION
It inhibits hepatic oxidation of many drugs –it rises plasma level of theophylline, carbamazepine, valproate, ergotamine and warfarin

AZITHROMYCIN USES
As an alternative to penicillin
Streptococcal pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mastoiditis
Alternative prophylaxis for RF and SABE
Diphtheria, Tetanus as an adjuvant to TT
Syphilis and gonorrhea
Leptospirosis

AZITHROMYCIN USES
Azithromycin is a first choice drug for
1. Atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma
2. Whooping cough
3. Chancroid

AZITHROMYCIN USE
It is also prescribe to treat following conditions
Middle ear infections,
Strep throat,
Sore throat
Pneumonia,
Traveler's diarrhea
Intestinal infections

Therapeutic Uses
As an alternative to penicillin.
a) Diphtheria.
b) Tetanus.
c) Leptospirosis.
d) Syphilis and gonorrhoea.

azithromycin is a second choice of drug.
a) Trachomatis infection of urogenital tract.
b) Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcal infections
c) Legionnaires' pneumonia.
d) Campylobacter enteritis.

Drug interactions of azithromycin
It inhibits hepatic oxidation of many drugs –it rises plasma level of theophylline, carbamazepine, valproate, ergotamine and warfarin

Azithromycin contraindications
Diarrhea from an infection with clostridium difficile bacteria.
Low amount of magnesium in the blood.
Low amount of potassium in the blood.
Myasthenia gravis.
A skeletal muscle disorder.
Hearing loss.
Torsades de pointes.
A type of abnormal heart rhythm

#AZITHROMYCIN
#macrolides
#antibiotic

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