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Here’s a clear timeline and explanation of why and when the United States and Iran became hostile toward each other, along with the main underlying reasons for that hostility:
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📌 1. Early Friendly Relations (Pre-1953)

Before 1953, the U.S. and Iran had generally cordial relations. Iran was strategically important in the Cold War, and the U.S. saw it as a regional partner against Soviet influence. 
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🕰️ 2. 1953: CIA-Backed Coup in Iran — The “Root” of Hostility

When: August 1953
What Happened:
• Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh nationalized the oil industry, previously controlled largely by British interests.
• The U.S. (CIA) and Britain orchestrated a coup (Operation Ajax) that overthrew Mossadegh and restored full power to the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. 

Why It Matters:
• This is widely seen as the original cause of deep Iranian mistrust and resentment toward the United States.
• Many Iranians viewed the U.S. as willing to sabotage democracy to protect Western economic and geopolitical interests. 
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🗡️ 3. 1953–1979: U.S. Support for the Shah

After the coup, the United States backed the Shah politically and militarily for decades:
• Selling arms to Iran
• Helping reorganize Iranian oil sectors
• Supporting Iran as an “anti-Soviet” regional pillar

However:
• The Shah’s regime became increasingly repressive, using savagely effective secret police (SAVAK) to crush dissent. Many Iranians came to see him as a U.S. puppet. 

This period built resentment inside Iran that the West, especially America, supported dictatorship over Iranian self-determination.
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⚡ 4. 1979 Islamic Revolution — Turning Point

When: Early 1979
What Happened:
• A popular uprising overthrew the Shah.
• Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini established an Islamic Republic that rejected Western influence.

Immediate Hostility:
Later that year, Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage for 444 days (Nov 1979–Jan 1981). Iran demanded the Shah’s return for trial. 

This dramatically worsened relations and led to the U.S cutting diplomatic ties in 1980. 
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⚔️ 5. 1980s: Proxy Conflicts and Accusations

During the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), the U.S. supported Saddam Hussein’s Iraq — Iran’s enemy — which deepened Iranian animosity. 

In the same decade, the U.S. labeled Iran a State Sponsor of Terrorism because of Tehran’s support for Hezbollah and other militias. 
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🌡️ 6. 2000s: Nuclear Tensions & “Axis of Evil”

In 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush labeled Iran part of an “Axis of Evil,” criticizing it for alleged nuclear ambitions and support for militant groups. 

Concerns over Iran’s uranium enrichment and possible weapons program spiked sanctions and mistrust.
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📉 7. 2015 JCPOA to 2018 U.S. Withdrawal

2015: Iran agreed to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) — the nuclear deal — limiting Tehran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.
2018: President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the deal and reimposed heavy sanctions, triggering a new chapter of economic pressure and hostility. 

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📌 8. Recent Years (2020s)
• There have been proxy conflicts in the Middle East (e.g., Iran-backed groups vs. U.S. interests).
• Tensions escalated further with sanctions, nuclear disputes, and periodic military clashes or threats. 

Iran continues to view U.S. policies — especially sanctions and travel bans — as discriminatory and hostile. 

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🔍 Main Reasons for U.S.-Iran Hostility

🇮🇷 From Iran’s Perspective
1. 1953 Coup & Western interference in Iranian sovereignty — a foundational grievance. 
2. Support for the Shah’s authoritarian regime — seen as oppressive and illegitimate. 
3. Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War — deepened regional distrust. 
4. Economic warfare via sanctions — viewed as punitive and harmful to ordinary Iranians. 
5. Cultural and ideological opposition — the Islamic Republic rejects Western influence and values. 

🇺🇸 From the U.S. Perspective
1. Hostage Crisis & anti-American actions in 1979–1981 damaged trust. 
2. Iran’s support for militant groups (e.g., Hezbollah, Hamas) labeled terrorism. 
3. Nuclear proliferation concerns — worry that Iran could build nuclear weapons. 
4. Regional destabilization — U.S. sees some Iranian policies as threatening its allies and interests in the Middle East. 

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🧠 Summary

Era Key Event Impact
1953 U.S.-backed coup Seeds of mistrust toward U.S. sovereignty interference
1979 Islamic Revolution & Hostage Crisis Diplomatic rupture and deep hostility
1980s–2000s Proxy wars & terrorism labels Mutual geopolitical opposition
2015–Present Nuclear deal collapse & sanctions Renewed economic and political tensions