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TAXONOMY OF SUNFLOWER (ISC 2026)

FAMILY - COMPOSITAE (Asteraceae)

SPECIMEN - Helianthus annus

INFLORESCENCE - Heterogamous head or capitulum consisting of centrally situated disc florets and peripherally arranged ray florets.

RAY FLORETS :

FLOWER - Present along the periphery of capitulum, sessile, zygomorphic, pentamerous, bracteate

CALYX - Pappus (Represent by two-membranous scales)

COROLLA - Five-petals, gamopetalous, ligulate

ANDROECIUM - Absent

GYNOECIUM - Absent in sterile florets, in histillate florets, bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular, inferior ovary, basal placentation, single ovule in each locule, long style and bifid stigma.

FLORAL FORMULA - Br % Female K3(papus) C(5) A0 G(2)Inferior

DISC FLORETS :

FLOWER - Present in inner parts of capitulum, sessile, actinomorphic or regular, tubular, complete, bisexual or hermaphrodite, peutamerous, bracteate, epigynous.

CALYX - Pappus (Represented by two membranous scales)

COROLLA - Five hetals, gamopetalous, tubular

ANDROECIUM - 5 - stamens, epipetalous, short filaments, syngenesious.

GYNOECIUM - Bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular, inferier ovary, basal placentation, single omule in each lacule, long style and leifid stigma.

FLORAL FORMULA - Br + Bisexual K3(pappus) C(5) Connected cA(5) G(2)Inferior

FRUIT - Cypsella

IMPORTANT FEATURES :-

• Capitulum or head inflorescence
• Bracts form an involucre
• Calyx reduced to hairy pappus
• 5 - syngenesious stamens
• Inferior ovary
• Basal placentation.

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