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VIRAL DISEASES – GCSE BIOLOGY IN UNDER A MINUTE

Viruses cause infectious diseases by invading and destroying host cells.

Here are three viral diseases you need to know:

Measles

Symptoms: fever and red skin rash

Spread: by inhaling droplets from sneezes and coughs

It can be serious or fatal if complications occur

Most children are vaccinated to prevent it

HIV

Early symptoms: flu-like illness

If untreated, it damages the immune system

Late-stage HIV is called AIDS – the body can’t fight infections or cancer

Spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids, e.g. shared needles

Controlled with antiretroviral drugs

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Affects plants like tomatoes

Causes a mosaic pattern on leaves

This reduces photosynthesis, stunts growth, and damages crops

Exam tip:
Remember how each virus is spread, what symptoms it causes, and how it’s controlled or prevented.

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