Скачать или смотреть ABO system and Rhésus system for grouping different blood groups

From this video, We want to shed light on the two main systems for grouping different blood groups.
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A person's blood group card has two indications:

his belonging to one of the four groups, A, B, A-B, or- O, of the A-B-O system;
its belonging to one of the two groups, Rh positive or Rh negative, of the Rhésus system.

The ABO system is governed by a gene located on chromosome 9. Three versions of this gene exist, the A, B and O alleles.
The Rhesus system is governed by a gene located on chromosome 1. The Rhesus gene has two alleles denoted plus and minus.

The ABO system is the first blood group system, discovered in 1900-1901.
It constitutes, with the Rhesus system, one of the two main grouping systems at the base of the safety of blood transfusions.

It was discovered that the antigenic sites recognized by the anti-A and anti-B antibodies consisted of a few simple sugars located at the end of oligosaccharides carried by proteins (glycoproteins) or ceramides (glycosphingolipids).

The A and B antigens are therefore not the primary products of gene expression as purely protein antigens may be.

Their synthesis depends on the activity of specific enzymes, an N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (synthesizing antigen A) and a galactosyltransferase (synthesizing antigen B).

These two glycosyltransferases are synthesized by alleles of the same gene.

There is also a silent allele leading to the absence of antigen A or B and the existence of group O.

The identification of gene A and its variants has shed light on the genetics of the ABO system and explained the existence of rare groups discovered experimentally.

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