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National Commission for Women | NCW
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The Role of National Commission for Women for the Development of women in India | NCW
Why is it in the news?
1. The 30th foundation day of NCW was celebrated on 31st January.
2. Prime Minister highlighted the need to expand the role of the commission.
3. The role of women is expanding continuously.
4. PM also emphasized the need to shun (women belong to kitchen ideology).
5. Women are reaching the top position in every sector that government is striving to enable young women as entrepreneurs, women startup owners in the country.
6. Make in India is doing the same thing to make a woman self-reliant.
Functions of NCW
Structure
1. NCW consists of a chairman, 5 members, and a member secretary.
2. All nominated by the central government.
Inquiry and investigation
1. Action research – NCW is required to review the safeguard provided to women.
2. Recommend amendment to meet any inadequacies or shortcomings
3. Suggest measures for more effective implementations.
Legal intervention
1. Presentation of reports.
2. Review
3. Taking of cases of violations
4. Suo Muto Notice in the matter to women’s rights.
5. Promotional research
6. Participation in planning
7. Evaluation
8. Inspection
9. Funding
10. Reporting

Power of NCW
1. Under section 10 (4) NCW have powers of a civil court like –
a. Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person.
b. Requiring the discovery and production of any document.
c. Receiving evidence of affidavit.
d. Requisitioning any public record from any court or office.
e. Issuing notice for the examination of witness and documents.
f. In addition, under section 16 central government shall consult the commission on all measure policy matters affecting women.

Shortcomings
1. The commission is dependent on the grant from the union government.
2. It does not have the power to select all the members.
3. It has only the power to recommend amendments and submit reports which are not binding upon the state and union government.
4. It takes up the women’s cause when it is brought to light.

Achievements
1. Commission took the issue of reservation of seats in parliament and legislative assemblies.
2. Various studies have been undertaken to highlight the issue of migrant women, Muslim women, prostitution, trafficking, child sex abuse, women in the unorganized sector, women prisoners, women of the northeast.
Status of women in the Indian society-
1. Status of women in Vedic and Post Vedic society
a. Women enjoyed freedom.
b. They did not observe parda.
c. Widows were permitted to re-marry.
d. They enjoyed the freedom to select their mates.
e. Child marriage was unknown.
f. Girls married only after puberty.
2. Women during the medieval period.
a. Position deteriorated
b. The practice of child marriage.
c. Prohibition of widow remarriage
d. The practice of sati
e. Parda system
f. Devdasi system
g. Poor social status for Muslim women.
h. The Bhakti movement somewhat relaxed the parda system and give religious education to women.
3. British Period
a. In 1829 Sati system was abolished
b. age of consent was passed in 1891 to increase the marriageable age of girls.
c. Widow remarriage act 1856
d. The special marriage act 1872
e. Child marriage restricts in 1929
f. Married women’s property act 1874
g. Hindu women right to property act 1939
The pioneering role of Mahatma Gandhi, Vivekanand, Dayanand Sarasvati, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar further held the position of women.
Position of women in Independent India
1. Constitution of India guarantees equality to women.
2. Government of India enacted so many laws relating to dowry provision, Hindu succession, Hindu marriage, laws against prostitution, laws against abortions, dowry death, compensation to women. Maternity benefit, Equal remuneration, and share of a property to women by the Hindu succession act 1956.
Problems of women in India
1. Violence against women
2. Exploitation and harassment of women
3. Decline in the female population
4. Female children a victim of discrimination
5. Health problem of women

Solution and the way forward
1. Empowerment of women
2. Increasing female participation in the workforce
3. Vocational training to make them skilful

Conclusion
1. No society can develop without the adequate development of women.
2. All efforts should be made to address anomalies that hinder the progress of women.
3. NCW should more vigorously work for the physical and mental health of women in India.