Скачать или смотреть How world is using Biofuels

🌍 How Countries Are Using Biofuels to Meet Climate Targets

⚙️ Tech push: R&D, pilot plants, commercialization
💰 Market pull: Blending mandates, tax breaks

🇺🇸 US
• Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) — world’s largest biofuel program
• Fertilizer use up 3–8% between 2008–2016
• Corn ethanol emissions up to 24% higher than gasoline
• 2025: expanding to 24.02 bn gallons (+8%)

🇪🇺 EU
• Renewable Energy Directive (REDIII)
• 29% renewables or 14.5% emissions cut in transport
• 5.5% target for advanced biofuels
• First-gen biofuels capped at 7% of transport energy
• 60% still food-based in 2021

🇧🇷 Brazil
• “Fuels of the Future” law (2024)
• Biodiesel blending +1% yearly → 20% by 2030
• Biofuels = 22% of transport energy

🇮🇩 Indonesia
• Biodiesel blend: 2.5% (2008) → 40% (2025) → goal 50–100%
• $20 bn savings in diesel imports
• Needs 2.3 m ha land — risk of deforestation

🇮🇳 India
• 10% ethanol blending achieved early (2022)
• Target 20% by 2025, 5% biodiesel by 2030
• Launched Global Biofuels Alliance (G20, 2023)
• Concerns: food security & land use

🇨🇳 China
• Biofuel production up 30% (2024)
• Focus shifting toward EVs
• Still exports biodiesel & used cooking oil to EU/US

🌡️ Climate Change Impact
• Bioethanol availability may drop 23% (high-emissions) or 4.3% (low-emissions) by 2060
• Crop yields expected to decline sharply by 2050s
• Sugarcane & palm oil highly water-dependent

💭 Key Insight:
Biofuels are essential to decarbonization, but land, water, and climate risks threaten long-term sustainability.

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