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India – Size and Location (NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 1)

This chapter covers India's geographical position and extent.

#### Location
India is entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
Mainland latitudes: 8°4'N to 37°6'N.
Mainland longitudes: 68°7'E to 97°25'E.
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.

#### Size
Total area: 3.28 million sq. km (about 2.4% of the world's area).
Seventh-largest country in the world.
Land boundary: about 15,200 km.
Coastline (including islands): 7,516.6 km.
North-south extent: about 3,214 km.
East-west extent: about 2,933 km.

#### Neighbouring Countries
Land borders: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh.
Maritime neighbours: Sri Lanka (separated by Palk Strait) and Maldives.

#### Importance of Location
India's position at the head of the Indian Ocean helps connect Europe with East Asia through sea routes.
The Deccan Peninsula extends into the Indian Ocean, supporting trade with West Asia, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

#### Other Key Points
Standard Meridian: 82°30'E (passes through Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh) – used for Indian Standard Time (IST).
Island groups: Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal) and Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea).

This is based directly on the NCERT Class 9 textbook. For the complete chapter, refer to the official NCERT website. Let me know if you need notes on any specific part!