Скачать или смотреть Integrability – Building Interoperable Systems | Chapter 7 – Software Architecture in Practice (4th)

Chapter 7, "Integrability," delves into the crucial quality attribute of software architecture focused on proactively minimizing the financial costs and technical risks associated with integrating both anticipated and unanticipated future software components. The fundamental challenge involves introducing new components ({Ci}) into an existing system (S), often when the components are outside the architect's control, requiring clear comprehension for effective design and risk analysis. The difficulty of integration is evaluated based on two factors: the Size of potential dependencies and the Distance required to resolve differences between component interfaces and the system. Crucially, interfaces are defined beyond mere APIs, addressing various dimensions of distance, including Syntactic distance (data type agreement), Data semantic distance (unit interpretation, e.g., meters vs. feet), Behavioral semantic distance (agreement on states or control protocols), Temporal distance (timing assumptions or operating rates), and Resource distance (managing shared computational resources like memory or bandwidth). To address these challenges, the chapter introduces Integrability Tactics aimed at reducing the number of dependencies or decreasing the distance between components. These tactics are organized into three groups: Limit Dependencies (e.g., Encapsulate functionality and Abstract Common Services), Adapt (e.g., using Discovery services for runtime location and Configure Behavior for flexibility), and Coordinate (e.g., Orchestrate interactions and Manage Resources through centralized control mechanisms). These architectural decisions are formalized in a scenario-based approach and a tactics-based questionnaire for systematic architectural assessment. Finally, the chapter examines patterns that support integrability, such as Wrappers, Bridges, and Mediators for tailoring interfaces, the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) pattern for managing heterogeneous, distributed components, and Dynamic Discovery for flexible runtime binding between services.


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