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MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS#All about modal auxiliary verbs in English grammar#english grammar online

#Definition of term Modal Auxiliary Verbs
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modal auxiliary verb

noun

grammar

: a verb (such as can, could, shall, should, ought to, will, or would) that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility, necessity, and permission

There are nine modal auxiliary verbs: shall, should, can, could, will, would, may, must, might. There are also quasi-modal auxiliary verbs: ought to, need to, has to. Why only quasi? Because the nine modals sit before the base form: I shall go, I could go, etc., but with ought/need/has we have to insert a to: I ought to go, it needs to be done, it has to be April (said at the onset of a shower, prompting inference).

The modal auxiliaries’ job is to express possibility (hypothesis, futurity, doubt) and necessity (by inference, such-and-such must necessarily be the case); that is, matters beyond the factual here and now. This is known as the irrealis. As we spend much time thinking and talking about the irrealis, modal auxiliaries are very common.

A further distinction is to be made between epistemic and deontic modals, which distinguish between possibility one the one hand and obligation on the other. Consider the following: “the importance of time and patience cannot be underestimated”. Cannot is used in its deontic (obligation) sense, meaning that we must not underestimate the importance of time and patience. But consider “the importance of time and patience cannot be overestimated”. Here, cannot is used in its epistemic (possibility) sense, meaning that it is not possible to overestimate the importance of time and patience, that importance being so great.