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Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type. There are two main types of polymorphism: compile-time (static) polymorphism and run-time (dynamic) polymorphism. In this tutorial, we'll explore both types using Python.
Compile-time polymorphism, also known as static polymorphism, occurs when the method or function overloading is resolved at compile time. Method overloading allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
Let's look at an example:
In this example, the add method is overloaded with two versions - one that takes two parameters and another that takes three parameters. The compiler determines which method to call based on the number and types of arguments provided.
Run-time polymorphism, also known as dynamic polymorphism, is achieved through method overriding. Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its superclass.
Let's see an example:
In this example, the Animal class has a method speak, and both the Dog and Cat classes override this method with their own implementations. The decision about which speak method to call is made at runtime based on the actual type of the object.
Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective object-oriented programming in Python. Compile-time polymorphism relies on method overloading, while run-time polymorphism is achieved through method overriding.
By mastering these concepts, you can design more flexible and scalable code, making your Python programs more robust and maintainable.
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