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Declinism is a perspective or belief that holds that a society, nation, or civilization is in decline, either currently or in the foreseeable future. It often involves a pessimistic view of the trajectory of a society, suggesting that its best days are behind it and that it is experiencing a gradual deterioration in various aspects such as economy, culture, politics, or morality.

Declinism can manifest in various forms and contexts. For example, it might be based on economic indicators showing a decline in productivity or a stagnating economy. Alternatively, it could be rooted in cultural or moral concerns, such as perceptions of declining social cohesion, values, or standards.

Some historians and social commentators have observed that declinism tends to be cyclical, with periods of optimism and pessimism alternating throughout history. This cyclical nature suggests that declinism might not always accurately reflect the long-term trajectory of a society or civilization.

Declinism can have significant implications for public discourse, policy-making, and individual attitudes. It can influence political debates, societal priorities, and personal decisions about issues such as education, career, and family planning. However, it's essential to critically evaluate the evidence and assumptions underlying declinist narratives to avoid undue pessimism or fatalism.