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The #mandelaeffect is a social phenomenon where a large group of people collectively share the same false memory about a historical event, detail, or pop culture reference.
It is a form of false memory or confabulation where individuals vividly and confidently recall something that never actually occurred or occurred differently than they remember.
💡 Key Characteristics
Widespread Agreement: The false memory is held by a significant number of unrelated people.
Vivid Recall: Individuals often have strong, specific, and emotional recollections of the non-existent event or detail.
Contradiction with Reality: The shared memory is proven to be factually incorrect by historical records or evidence.
📜 Origin of the Name
The phenomenon was coined by paranormal researcher Fiona Broome, who discovered that many people, including herself, distinctly remembered that South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and later President Nelson Mandela had died in prison in the 1980s, complete with memories of news coverage or a widow's speech. In reality, Mandela was released in 1990 and died in 2013.
🤯 Common Examples
Beyond Nelson Mandela's death, other frequently cited examples include:
The Berenstain Bears: Many people recall the children's book series being spelled "Berenstein Bears."
#starwars Quote: The famous line is widely misremembered as "Luke, I am your father," when the correct line from The Empire Strikes Back is, "No, I am your father."
Monopoly Man: Many people remember the Monopoly mascot (Rich Uncle Pennybags) wearing a monocle; he does not.
🧠 #psychological #explanations
While some popular theories involve concepts like shifting parallel universes or alternate timelines, the generally accepted explanation in psychology attributes the Mandela Effect to mechanisms of false memory and suggestibility:
Confabulation/Schema Theory: The brain fills in gaps in memory using logical assumptions or expectations (schemas). For example, a man in a top hat and suit (like the Monopoly Man) should wear a monocle.
Suggestibility and Reinforcement: When one person shares a false memory, it can inadvertently suggest the same memory to others, particularly online, reinforcing the collective false belief.
Source Confusion: People may misremember the source or context of information, leading to distortions over time.