Hello everyone, today we're going to delve into the fundamentals of cultivating Java Fern in your aquarium, and I'll share a secret for cultivating Java Fern like a pro. Let's commence with the formal name or scientific designation of the plant, which is Microsorum pteropus. Originating from Southeast Asia, it is endemic to countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and the Indonesian island of Java, hence the name "Java Fern." In the pet trade, various variants of aquatic ferns are available, such as Trident Fern, Windelov Fern, Narrow Leaf Fern, etc. However, it's important to note that these are merely selectively propagated variants of the actual Java Fern, Microsorium pteropus. In the wild, neither Trident nor Windelov Fern exists. Java Fern, along with other ferns, is often marketed as a beginner's plant and remains a popular choice. However, my experience suggests otherwise. Java Fern is among those plants that resist melting easily, thanks to its well-constructed leaves. However, this very characteristic also means that Java Fern takes considerable time to grow new leaves. Without proper care, it may not thrive or grow significantly, merely maintaining its existing state with occasional new leaf growth. Therefore, achieving optimal growth requires more than just beginner-level skills. The Java Fern and Trident Fern you see on the screen all originated from a total of 6 pots of plants. Over two years, they have proliferated significantly, resulting in a sixtyfold increase in the number of plants. Now, let's uncover the secret to successfully growing Java Fern. Based on my experience, I'll emphasize three factors: temperature, light, and CO2 supplementation. The primary requirement for successfully growing Java Fern is temperature. It thrives in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C. However, temperatures exceeding 29°C can pose challenges, causing the leaves to turn black and eventually fall off. Therefore, maintaining a temperature around 25°C is crucial for optimal results. Moving on to light, ferns prefer shade and perform best under medium to low light conditions. If exposed to high light levels, it's essential to place the fern in shaded areas. Additionally, as epiphytes, ferns do not need to be planted in substrate; instead, they can be tied or wedged onto rocks or driftwood. Therefore, placing them in shaded areas is key to success. However, if you prefer a heavily planted tank and intend to position ferns directly under light, ensure that the light intensity at the surface does not exceed 10 lumens per square inch. Last but not least, CO2 supplementation is vital for successful growth. In my experience, the key to success in growing ferns like mine lies in pressurized CO2. Ferns have thick and robust leaf structures, necessitating CO2 supplementation for faster growth. Without CO2, ferns may not die, but their growth will be severely limited. To further support this claim, observe how ferns grow in the wild—they primarily thrive outside water in a humid environment where CO2 is abundant. With adequate CO2 supplementation, ferns will develop a bushy shape, as depicted on the screen. They will multiply rapidly, filling your tank in no time. All the ferns in my 50-gallon aquarium originated from just 2 to 6 pots of ferns, all thanks to my pressurized CO2 system. Based on my experience, ferns are not particularly nutrient-hungry. I don't dose nitrate or phosphate in my aquariums. However, I do dose K2SO4 or potassium sulfate, as ferns require a fair amount of potassium to thrive. I've observed that ferns love water changes and clear water. Therefore, I perform large water changes in my tanks weekly. Regarding pH and TDS requirements, based on my experience, ferns thrive in pH below 7.8 and TDS below 180 ppm. While they do well in acidic water, they can adapt to various conditions. I hope this information proves helpful in your aquatic endeavors. If so, please share it with your friends and family. I'll see you in the next vlog. Take care and goodbye.
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