Скачать или смотреть Kotlin Generics - How to create generic classes

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Access your classes, methods and properties using different datatypes without compromising on compile-time type safety using generics!

A generic type is a class or method that is parameterized over types. We always use angle brackets () to specify the type parameter in the program.

One of the trickiest aspects of Java's type system is the wildcard types (see Java Generics FAQ). Kotlin doesn't have these. Instead, Kotlin has declaration-site variance and type projections.

Let's think about why Java needs these mysterious wildcards. The problem is explained well in Effective Java, 3rd Edition, Item 31: Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility. First, generic types in Java are invariant, meaning that List String is not a subtype of List Object . If List were not invariant, it would have been no better than Java's arrays.

It is very easy to declare a type parameter T as out and avoid trouble with subtyping on the use site, but some classes can't actually be restricted to only return T's!

Classes aren’t the only declarations that can have type parameters. Functions can, too. Type parameters are placed before the name of the function.

The set of all possible types that can be substituted for a given type parameter may be restricted by generic constraints.

The type safety checks that Kotlin performs for generic declaration usages are done at compile time. At runtime, the instances of generic types do not hold any information about their actual type arguments. The type information is said to be erased.

Check out the video to learn more!

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