What is Escape Velocity? | Physics | Extraclass.com

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This video will help you to learn What is Escape Velocity? with Example.

Imagine shooting a cannon upwards in the sky

You will notice that it goes up to a certain height and falls.

Let’s try again,

One more time but with a lot more power

if somehow we can manage to shoot the cannon with very high velocity so that the body escapes earth’s gravity then This velocity is known as escape velocity or in other words

The minimum velocity which a body must have in order to escape the gravitational attraction potential of a planet is known as Escape velocity

Consider a planet like Earth, escape velocity is different for different planet depending upon the gravitational pull which is a function of the mass of the planet and its radius.

Let assume that we have to launch a rocket into space from any planet.

Consider the mass of the planet is equal to M

The radius of the planet is equal to R

Mass of the rocket is equal to small m

Potential Energy of Rocket on the surface of Planet is minus G “M” M upon R, let’s call this equation 1

Here the negative sign implies that the force is attractive in nature.

Also, Potential energy of the system is always negative

At the time of the Rocket launch, the Kinetic energy on the rocket is equal to half MV square, let’s call this equation 2

Comparing the two equations gives us the minimum velocity required to overcome the potential energy of the planet that is escape velocity is equal to the square root of G M by R

From this relation, we can note that the Escape Velocity is independent of the mass of the rocket
It only depends on the mass and radius of the planet.

Therefore a rocket having minimum velocity equal to or greater than escape velocity then it will follow a curved path and will escape the gravitational pull of the earth.

However, If the rocket is launched with the velocity less than escape velocity then it will fall back on earth due to gravity.

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