Скачать или смотреть DNA map of of Britain and Ireland reveals Viking genes

The Irish are much more genetically diverse than previously believed and have Viking and Norman ancestry - just like the English, according to new research.A comprehensive DNA map of the people of the Emerald Isle has for the first time revealed lasting contributions from British, Scandinavian and French invasions.Researchers have discovered 23 genetic 'groups' in Ireland and 27 groups in England, Scotland and Wales.The findings are significant because they could be used in future studies to identify the genetics underlying various traits and diseases in specific regions.An estimated 80 million people worldwide claim Irish descent - almost half of them Americans who regard it as their main ethnicity.It has long been assumed this means the blood in their veins is Celtic - but geneticists now say the truth is much more complicated.Researchers have found 50 distinct genetic 'groups' in Ireland and Britain as shown by the key on the left and labelled A.They are separated by colour based on region.For instance the SEE cluster, labelled in red and in South East England, represents a genetic group with largely Anglo Saxon Ancestry.Groups with largely Celtic ancestry include NLU (shown in yellow) NSC (green) and NWA (pink).A map, bottom center, shows how the groups are split around the UK.Each cross on the plotted graph, labelled B, represents an individual whose genes were sequenced as part of the study and which group they belong to.They are positioned based on where in the UK they are from, with the grey lines showing longitude and latitude In the 10,000 years since Stone Age cavemen first arrived, the Irish have established distinct cultural regions.But previous studies had identified no clear genetic groups within the population.Now researchers have found distinct Irish genetic clusters, separated by geography by comparing mutations from almost 1,000 Irish genomes with over 6,000 from Britain and mainland Europe.These are most distinct in western Ireland, but less pronounced in the east, where historical migrations have erased the genetic variations.When the researchers took into account genetic contributions from people with British ancestry, a clear trend arose, showing this input dropping off in populations to the west.They also detected genes from Europe and calculated the timing of the historical migrations of the Norse-Vikings and the Anglo-Normans to Ireland, yielding dates consistent with historical records.'Genes mirror geography in Britain and Ireland,' co-author Professor Russell McLaughlin told the MailOnline.'Genetic data alone can virtually redraw a map of Britain and Ireland.'It is interesting to note the exceptions to this rule.'For example, some Scottish and Northern Irish people swap places, reflecting long-standing exchange of peoples between the two regions.'Also, people from Orkney and Wales have retained some sort of ancient genetic identity that sets them apart from the expected patterns.' The study paints a new and more comp