Скачать или смотреть Class 12.chemistry-Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids I

#cbse #ncert #class12th #cbsechemistryclass12 #ncertchemistryclass12 #chemistry #chemistry #aldehydesketonescarboxylicacids

📘 Class 12 Chemistry – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (I)
Description:

This unit introduces the structure, nomenclature, preparation, and properties of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. These are highly important classes of organic compounds due to their reactivity and wide occurrence in nature, industry, and biological systems. Part I mainly deals with aldehydes and ketones—their methods of preparation and characteristic reactions.

Key Topics:

Introduction & Nomenclature

Structure and functional groups of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids

IUPAC rules for naming

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones

From alcohols, hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids

Oxidation, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes

Physical Properties

Boiling points, solubility, and comparison with alcohols and hydrocarbons

Chemical Properties of Aldehydes & Ketones

Nucleophilic addition reactions

Oxidation reactions

Reduction reactions

Reactions due to α-hydrogen (aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction)

Tests for Aldehydes & Ketones

Tollen’s test

Fehling’s solution test

2,4-DNP test