Primary hypertension / Essential hypertension - Etiology , Risk factors and Pathophysiology

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Primary hypertension / Essential hypertension - Etiology , Risk factors and Pathophysiology

Essential (primary) hypertension is chronic high blood pressure without preexisting renal disease or another known organic cause. Risk factors for primary hypertension include advanced age, obesity, genetic inheritance, being of African descent, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high-sodium diet, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension can be classified by stage (stage 1 and stage 2) and, when combined with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, the stage can help determine treatment. Lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of therapy with pharmacologic intervention required in some patients to meet target blood pressure measurements.

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