ANTIBIOTIC || Beta Lactum Antibiotic ,Non Lactum Antibiotic .

ANTIBIOTIC || Beta Lactum Antibiotic ,Non Lactum Antibiotic .
Antibiotics work by killing bacteria and preventing them from multiplying. Common antibiotics include gentamicin, cephalexin, ertapenem, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole.

They include a range of powerful drugs used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.

Antibiotics cannot treat viral infections, such as cold, flu, and most coughs.

This article explains what antibiotics are, how they work, potential side effects, and antibiotic resistance.

What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are powerful medications that treat certain infections and can save lives when used properly. They either stop bacteria from reproducing or destroy them.

Before bacteria can multiply and cause symptoms, the immune system can typically kill them. White blood cells (WBCs) attack harmful bacteria — even if symptoms occur, the immune system can usually cope and fend off the infection.

However, sometimes the number of harmful bacteria is excessive, and the immune system cannot clear them all. Antibiotics are useful in this scenario.

The first antibiotic was penicillin. Penicillin-based antibiotics, such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G, are still available to treat a variety of infections and have been in use for many years.

Several types of modern antibiotics are available, and they are usually only available with a prescription in the United States. Topical antibiotics are available in over-the-counter (OTC) creams and ointments.

How do antibiotics work?

There are different types of antibiotics, which work in their unique way. However, the two main they work include:

A bactericidal antibiotic, such as penicillin, kills the bacteria. These drugs usually interfere with either the formation of the bacterial cell wall or its cell contents.

A bacteriostatic stops bacteria from multiplying.

It may take a few hours or days after taking the first dose before people feel better or their symptoms improve.

Types of antibiotics

There are various classes or groups of antibiotics, which depend on their chemical structure. Some classes of antibiotics include the following:

ClassExamplesPenicillinsamoxicillin (Amoxil)Macrolidesazithromycin (Zithromax) and erythromycin (Ery-Tab)Cephalosporinscephalexin (Keflex) and cefdinir (Omnicef)Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin)Beta-lactams with increased activityamoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)Urinary anti-infectivesnitrofurantoin (Macrobid)Lincosamidesclindamycin (Cleocin)Tetracyclinesminocycline, rolitetracycline, and doxycyclineSulfonamidessulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Sulfatrim)Glycopeptidesvancomycin (Firvanq), teicoplanin (Targocid), telavancin (Vibativ), ramoplaninAminoglycosidesgentamicin (Garamycin), amikacin (Arikase), tobramycin (Tobrasol), neomycin (Neosporin), and streptomycin (Agrimysin-17)
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