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The stony path Plaza de la Villa de Madrid is a necropolis Roman of centuries I to III, located in the Plaza de la Villa de Madrid and the surrounding area in Barcelona. The site is at a lower level of the square, although urbanization let you see from the street. It is one of several heritage sites managed by the Barcelona City History Museum. Between the first and third centuries, Roman law prohibited burials within the city and therefore funerary areas of Barcino were outside, along the roads leading out, starting to play the same walls.
The uniqueness of the site is the fact that the graves found in its original context, since the vast majority of Roman tombs that have only known stone elements reused in other works or isolated graves. As shown in Barcelona, we found numerous examples of monolithic cupae (28 in total), but they are only found in the original place six this sepulchral way.
In this context, the necropolis of the Town Square in Madrid is considered a way sepulchral secondary away from the wall and burials of people from middle class or lower (slaves and free men.) In contrast, Barcelona is the necropolis from this period found in better condition and better studied, because the rest only one has located the remains sporadic and mainly remains of funeral monuments used in the expansion the Roman wall in the fourth century.
In contrast to today, when cemeteries by the public are separated by walls or trees, were in the Roman period this visible to everyone and were along major roads communal necropolis or individual family graves. They lay outside the residential districts, as even the Twelve Tables from the 5th century BC. BC. Forbade to bury the dead within the city limits or burn. The dead "talk" with the living through their grave inscriptions. This ideology is also reflected in the burial rites of the Romans.
A necropolis, also necropolis, or city of the dead is a structurally designed larger funeral - and shrine of antiquity and of Prehistory and Early History. If there is no structural component is a burial ground. Necropolis were often away from the housing estates. In Greek, Roman, Phoenician and Jewish places this location was from religious even prescribed reasons.
Belonging to the class determines the splendor of Roman funerary rites. The Romans, very superstitious and religious thought that a precise sequence of funerals was key to obtaining a life after death. They were very picky about the performance of funeral rites. The rich were in principle cremated, while the poorest Romans as slaves could be thrown into mass graves without ceremony. He is also aware that some men, whose emperors through the worship Imperial, have been the subject of a cult after death.
Social status was an important factor in the progress and pomp of Roman funeral rites. Were exposed to the public before the body of the cremated, according to a period that depended on the position of the deceased in society. The patricians enjoyed an exhibition that can last several days, prompting the Romans to a period of mourning and to witness their respects to the family. The plebeians were often cremated the day after their death. Most funeral rites of the plebs were in the family circle. We closed the eyes of the deceased, and his son, or a member of the closest family, kissed him on the mouth to collect his last. Was removed the rings of the deceased then called the dead aloud three times at intervals.
The rich were entitled to more refined funerals. In addition to the longer exposure time, the rites were accompanied by musicians, pantomimes, the mourners, dancers. Polybius said that the Roman funeral was one of the leading ways in which their children instructed Romans.
The Etruscans, for the wealthy at least, were building fine tombs where they were buried, as a couple, with stone coffins where they were represented by elongated and relaxed banqueters. Rich Romans also built sophisticated and monumental tombs (sometimes oddly formed, for example a pyramid or a cylinder, such as Caecilii Metelli). The Mausoleum of Augustus and the Mausoleum of Hadrian are good examples of monumental tombs of Roman emperors.
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